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# Technical Studies Reference

### Rate of Change Oscillator Type I

This study calculates and displays a Rate of Change Oscillator Type I (ROC-I) of the data specified by the Input Data Input. This is an oscillator that was developed by Thomas DeMark.

Let $$X$$ be a random variable denoting the Input Data, and let $$X_t$$ denote the value of the Input Data at Index $$t$$. Let the Inputs ROC Length and Duration Length be denoted as $$n_{ROC}$$ and $$n_D$$, respectively. The Rate of Change Oscillator Type I at Index $$t$$ is denoted as $$ROC^{(I)}_t(X,n_{ROC})$$, and it is displayed for $$t \geq n_{ROC}$$ as follows.

$$\displaystyle{ROC^{(I)}_t(X,n_{ROC}) = 100\cdot\frac{X_t}{X_{t - n_{ROC}}}}$$

This notation will become more cumbersome as we proceed, so we will omit the function parameters when referring to ROC-I going forward.

Let the Smoothing Length Input be denoted as $$n_S$$, where $$n_S \leq n_{ROC}$$. If the Use Smoothing? Input is set to Yes, then the following Simple Moving Average replaces the normal ROC-I Oscillator. It is displayed for $$t \geq n_{ROC} + n_S - 1$$.

$$SMA_t\left(ROC^{(I)},n_S\right)$$

Note: Depending on the setting of the Input Smoothing MA Type, the Simple Moving Average in the above function could be replaced with an Exponential Moving Average, a Linear Regression Moving Average, a Weighted Moving Average, a Wilders Moving Average, a Simple Moving Average - Skip Zeros, or a Smoothed Moving Average.

Let the Average ROC MA Length Input be denoted as $$n_{MA}$$, which need not be smaller than $$n_{ROC}$$. If the Use Moving Average? Input is set to Yes, then the ROC-I Subgraph is replaced with the following.

• $$SMA_t\left(ROC^{(I)},n_{MA}\right)$$ if Use Smoothing? is set to No. This is displayed for $$t \geq n_{ROC} + n_{MA} - 1$$.
• $$SMA_t\left(SMA\left(ROC^{(I)},n_S\right),n_{MA}\right)$$ if Use Smoothing? is set to Yes. This is displayed for $$t \geq n_{ROC} + n_S + n_{MA} - 2$$.

Note: Depending on the setting of the Input Average ROC MA Type, the Simple Moving Averages in the above functions could be replaced with Exponential Moving Averages, Linear Regression Moving Averages, Weighted Moving Averages, Wilders Moving Averages, Simple Moving Averages - Skip Zeros, or Smoothed Moving Averages.

This study also displays horizontal lines at levels determined by the Overbought Line Value and Oversold Line Value Inputs. The Default values of these inputs are $$102.5$$ and $$97.5$$, which is the recommended setting for Historical charts. For Intraday charts with time scales under $$30$$ minutes, it is recommended that these be changed to $$100.25$$ and $$99.75$$, respectively.

Let the Input Arrow Offset Percentage be denoted as $$k$$.

If the ROC-I breaks out above the Overbought Line for $$n_D$$ chart bars or more, then a green Down Arrow appears above the ROC-I Subgraph at a horizontal location $$n_D$$ bars from the left of where the breakout occurred. The vertical position of the arrow is given by $$ROC^{(I)}_T + \frac{k}{100} \cdot ROC^{(I)}_T$$, where $$T$$ is the value of the Index where the arrow is drawn.

If the ROC-I breaks out below the Oversold Line for $$n_D$$ chart bars or more, then a red Up Arrow appears below the ROC-I Subgraph at a horizontal location $$n_D$$ bars from the left of where the breakout occurred. The vertical position of the arrow is given by $$ROC^{(I)}_T + \frac{k}{100} \cdot ROC^{(I)}_T$$, where $$T$$ is the value of the Index where the arrow is drawn.

#### Spreadsheet

The spreadsheet below contains the formulas for this study in Spreadsheet format. Save this Spreadsheet to the Data Files Folder.

Open it through File >> Open Spreadsheet.

*Last modified Tuesday, 10th September, 2019.